In compiling and writing this brief foray into the life of one of the perhaps, most understated and sublime missionary architects in the modern era, I’m reminded of a quote by Mother F. Cabrini who when advised that her missionary endeavours were impossible not only because they were too big, but that she was too physically frail. When challenged by Pope Leo XIII she reportedly responded… “one can serve one’s weakness or one can serve one’s purpose, one cannot do both.” Later in her ministry Mother Frances X. Cabrini wrote.
“They who pray with faith have fervour and fervour is the fire of prayer. This mysterious fire has the power of consuming all our faults and imperfections, and of giving to our actions, vitality, beauty and merit.”
Coming from a very poor small convent in Italy, her physical fragility was paired with a dearth in finances, but these three seemingly disqualifying factors are not hurdles to people who believe in Christ alone. Further on in her vision for ministry (she longed to start in China but was instead sent to New York city) was a global call. In fact, the story goes that Pope Leo XIII used this seemingly impossible global mandate, to redirect Mother Cabrini from her passion for China to the west, by stating that ‘if her mission was worldwide, then it would not matter where she started.’.
So, undaunted she launched the health and well-being work that globally is now named after her.
“We must pray without tiring, for the salvation of mankind does not depend upon material success . . . but on Jesus alone.”
Robert Jaffray’s was too confronted by a physical fragility (being diabetes and a poor heart) but that was where the similarities ended.
Jaffray was heir apparent to a media empire with the flagship being the Toronto Globe. He was from a wealthy family, with privilege and access to finances only dreamed of my Mother Cabrini.
A most famous biography of R.A. Jaffray’s life was written by A. W. Tozer, but Jaffray himself was a writer. Though no known well know books, he was a prolific writer which included editorial oversight and content contributions of multiple publications such as "South China Alliance Tidings" and "The Pioneer".
An anecdote referred to one of the many writings from Jaffray had circulated for many a year (though the official source of the text has not been specified). It revolves around a job offer from a huge Oil conglomerate, and the exchange reported went as follows:
Standard Oil Company offered him a job to go to China for the Standard Oil Company of New York. They offered him a huge salary. He said, "No, thank you."
They doubled the salary. Again, he replied ‘No thank you’. They finally sent him a message, we want you to work for us…"Jaffrey, at any cost." He supposedly replied with one line, "Your salary is big, your job is too small."
Even if this is not a true account, merely a patched together anecdote, it still reflects the man’s call and utter surrender to the will, purpose and mission of Heaven – and money did not figure into this.
So, to be clear in the outset of this piece; it is clear and in concert with the quotes above, it is not frailty or resources that determine the ultimate impact and influence of the Kingdom of Heaven (or not) but on Jesus alone.
His media CEO father, it was said, was relatively indifferent to faith, but his mother Sarah was a serious follower of Christ, and evidently a significant influence in his journey.
After resisting his fathers repeated and increasingly insisting demands that his son, Robert abandoned his idea of overseas missions and conceding only that his son could take up leadership in the Presbyterian church, Robert would not be swayed. He went to New York and joined A.B. Simpsons Alliance School. This was a missionary training institute for lay people that would become a cornerstone for the later emerging Christian & Missionary Alliance movement.
Jaffray’s father was incensed, and such was his opposition to his son becoming an overseas missionary, he cut off all finances – Jaffray had to ‘tent make’ to be trained.
Momentum
Robert Alexander Jaffray would become a trailblazing missionary, educator, writer, and leader whose legacy shaped Christian missions across China, Southeast Asia, and beyond during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is important in this brief introduction that his life was signposted not only by relentless adherence to call and obedience to the Great Commission, but also by the vision, sacrifice, and the love of unreached peoples that saw this inexorable pursuit of spreading the Gospel of the Kingdom of Heaven
Missionary Work Begins - China
Jaffray arrived in Wuzhou, Guangxi, China in 1897 as one of the first C&MA missionaries from Canada. Leading the Alliance’s efforts in South China for over three decades, he established the Wuzhou Bible School, which later became the Alliance Bible Seminary in Hong Kong. He edited the influential Chinese-language Bible Magazine, which was read by Chinese communities around the world, and also contributed extensively through publications such as the Bible Messenger. Jaffray emphasized the need for both evangelistic outreach and systematic discipleship, believing that true church strength came from training and empowering local believers.
He was not merely a ‘desk jockey’ evangelist as so many ‘influencers’ are today. Jaffray went before he sent and consequently opened up greater fields including into regions controlled by bandits – of which he said were truly ‘wicked men’. However, this label was not merely a pejorative or judgemental one, it was a correct assessment of the souls of this lost people and one only his Lord and Saviour could remedy. He did not run from, but too this space.
One such journey saw Jaffray, and his cohort bailed up by said bandits, and they demanded money for them to pass. Apparently, Robert launched boldly into a monologue of how the bandits should be funding his important work, as they were cash strapped servants. His fluent Chinese and knowledge of culture along with this boldness and unabashed faith actually won him some favour with this ‘wicked’ cohort.
Even though the event escalated into a kidnapping demanding a ransom, respect was shown to Jaffray and his team. They were reported marched into the mountains in gruelling hike that even the bandits found difficult, and one which Jaffray sensed in his physical frailty, that he would not endure.
However, he not only endured, by his health somewhat improved.
In the end, the bandits sent Robert to get and return with the ransom.
Miracles, Might and Missionary Advancement
The Gospel of Mark in chapter 16 we see that ‘Signs and wonders will accompany and follow the preaching of the Word of God’ and Jaffray had faith to just that end. However, this remarkable faith was also harnessed by his “baptism of the Holy Spirit,” which he described as bringing a deeper love for and understanding of Scripture, as well as greater boldness in witnessing and preaching – His faith, calling and characters, was supercharged
Many healings were experienced, and the journalling of answered prayer was common. In fact, this was expected as part and parcel of doing His King’s missionary work. He regarded healings as a sign of the Spirit’s power and evidence in the battle against darkness, integral to gospel advancement.
Just one story he told was about a Chinese convert in one of their growing teams who prayed for a raving lunatic chained up by villagers. Despite danger, this colporteur’s prayer led to the man’s healing, which opened the village to the Gospel.
He also noted a revival among missionaries in Wuchow, South China, where some received the gift of speaking in tongues along with this empowering anointing, seeing it as burdened with responsibility for evangelism.
Under Jaffray’s leadership, the mission work continued to expand in and beyond China further into Southeast Asia. This was done despite political and cultural obstacles, including French colonial opposition in Vietnam and the challenges of Southeast Asian outreach – more on this later.
As always, Jaffray was not moved or motivated simply by a need and certainly was not daunted by lack of resources or opposition. He was moved by a spiritual vision that compelled him to extend missions into the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), sending Chinese missionaries there despite lack of resources all resulting in a rapidly growing mission.
Mission Ministry Expands

In 1916, Jaffray initiated C&MA’s first Protestant mission in French Indochina (now Vietnam), convincing the French colonial authorities to allow Gospel preaching and organizing extensive translation, printing, and distribution of Bibles and religious literature in multiple languages. He travelled widely with his wife Minnie, establishing churches and training centres, and advocated for the autonomy and self-leadership of the Chinese church and missions. By the late 1920s, he surveyed opportunities for Christian work in the East Indies (Indonesia), and in 1931 moved with his family to Makassar, Celebes (now Sulawesi, Indonesia), further setting up and supervising a growing mission field.
Movement – Mission – Mantle
Indigenous Mission Movement and Leadership Philosophy
Jaffray’s strategic vision and success was owed to his clear surrender to and infilling of the God of the Mission and the very important caveat of the need to train and equip indigenous churches, with indigenous leaders.
All this culminated in the founding of the Chinese Foreign Missionary Union (CFMU) in 1929, the first Chinese missionary society aimed at sending missionaries to Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and beyond. Importantly, and true to his vision and call, Jaffray declined the presidency of this agency, insisting it be led by Chinese Christians such as Dr. Rev. Leland Wang Zai and Rev. Wilson Wang Zhi, whom he mentored as principal evangelists and leaders.
His principle was to empower indigenous leadership for long-term self-sustaining mission impact.
Personal Integrity, Courage, and Legacy
As we have read in this short mini bio of Jaffray’s missionary career, it was marked by episodes of personal danger, and enduring harsh conditions, yet he consistently demonstrated courage and faith.
A key to this was that Robert always believed missions was a form of spiritual warfare and recounted many cases of prayer and healing that broke spiritual barriers in unreached areas. This is the Gospel of The Kingdom, as the Author and Perfector of our faith called it. Jaffray was not just seeking converts and even disciples, but birthing and training Kingdom Ambassadors to shift culture that recalibrates the ‘wicked’. This was a calling that all wannabe disciples of Christ have on their lives. Jaffray understood the words of his Lord as recorded in John 12
24Very truly I tell you, unless a kernel of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains only a single seed. But if it dies, it produces many seeds. 25 Anyone who loves their life will lose it, while anyone who hates their life in this world will keep it for eternal life. 26 Whoever serves me must follow me; and where I am, my servant also will be. My Father will honour the one who serves me.
As such his surrendered servant leadership extended to the establishment of Sunday schools, Bible institutes, and the fostering of nearly self-supporting churches.
Influence and Commemoration
In 1942, during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Jaffray was arrested and interned by the Japanese military. He suffered harsh conditions in various camps before dying in 1945 of illness and malnutrition—shortly before the Japanese surrender.
Such was the breadth and depth of the man, not just his ministry that the renowned Pastor, leader and Author, A.W. Tozer Jaffray’s chronicled Jaffray’s story in the biography Let my people go!: The life of Robert A. Jaffray. His legacy lives on through the institutions he founded, the Chinese missionary movement he catalysed, and the thousands of lives touched across Asia. He is remembered as a visionary strategist, statesman, and devoted servant to the cause of Christ.
Shane W. Varcoe – Disciplesplanet
End Notes
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Jaffray, Robert Alexander | BDCC
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Biography of Robert Alexander Jaffray: Founder of "The Bible" newspaper - China Christian Daily
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Unwavering Faith: Robert, Minnie, and Margaret Jaffray | The Alliance Canada | The Alliance Canada
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It Happened Today | Christian History Institute
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Dr. Robert Jaffray, Missionary publisher - Light Magazine
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CMR - JAFFRAY Robert - Sojourn in Mission - FINAL


